Not necessarily. For example, in the case of AIDS/HIV the transmission rate in the last few years from a HIV-positive pregnant woman to her child is somewhere around 2-3 %, but only if the mother is aware of her infection and she takes measures to prevent the transmission (antiretroviral therapy, cesarean section at birth, etc). If these measures are not taken, the risk is much higher. In regards to other STD/STI, not all are transmited and even if an infection is transmited that does not mean that the baby would suffer any long-term damage. Nevertheless, there are some STI with high-transmission rate and high risk of fetal anomalies and these infections are gathered under the TORCH complex: Toxoplasma gondii, Other (Syphilis, Parvovirus B19), Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex 2 (commonly known as genital herpes).
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